| LEVEL OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | INTERPERSONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | INTERNAL OBJECT RELATIONS | INTRAPSYCHIC STRUCTURAL FORMATION | PREDOMINANT DEFENSES | INTIMACY | PREFERRED PATTERNING OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR | HUMAN CAPACITY | GENERAL PATTERN OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR | PATTERN OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR | PATTERN OF CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR | PATTERN OF SHOPPING BEHAVIOR |
| NORMAL | Sexual intercourse culminating in orgasm and the subjective experience of transcendence in an intimate interpersonal relationship form a new common social boundary around the couple, connecting past, present, and future Full integration of satisfying genital sexual activity into an interpersonal relationship by successfully resolving the oedipal situation | Internalization of a value system shared with another person Depersonification, individuation, reshaping to resemble real person | Protective superego Continuous internalization of more realistic interpersonal relationships through selective, partial, sublimatory identifications, including a complementary sexual identification in harmony with individual identity formation | A range of mature defenses, humor, sublimation, altruism, anticipation, and suppression | Second precondition for intimacy | Passion in an intimate interpersonal relationship, intimacy makes sexual relations satisfying | Capacity for commitment and a future orientation Self reliance, the capacity for foresight and to plan realistically for the future, trustworthy, the capacity for genuine insight and the urge to change in meaningful ways, the capacity to remain in love and form intimate interpersonal relationships | Stable and consistent | Rational consumer with a transitive preference ordering and making consistent choices | Dynamic pattern of consumption behavior that can be modeled over time Self control, delay of gratification, everything in moderation, prudent planning of consumption activities | Normal Consumers spend less than they earn, save for future purchases they cannot afford in the present, and prudently plan consumption activities |
| NEUROTIC | Accept another person, and oneself, as both good and bad, and therefore, a whole and more realistic person | Integration of whole object relations | Ego identity and Prohibitive superego | Repression, intellectualization (isolation, obsessive behavior, undoing, rationalization), reaction formation, displacement (conversion, phobias, wit), dissociation (neurotic denial) | First precondition for intimacy | Failure to achieve preferred pattern of genital sexual activity is an all-absorbing and all-frustrating preoccupation | The capacity for concern for another person and oneself, the capacity to experience guilt for violating the more realistic parental prohibitions and demands internalized in the prohibitive superego, and the capacity to fall in love | Consistent under ordinary functioning, but lacking stability under extraordinary functioning | Neurotic consumer is indecisive, ambivalent , inhibited by feelings of guilt, and racked by cognitive dissonance | Continuous striving for consistent self control, backsliding, use of precommitment devices to control behavior | Neurotic Shoppers spend an excessive amount of time shopping, exhausting anyone who shops with them, often not buying anything, and when a purchase is made, it is sometimes returned. They spend money they have and do not impair family and social relationships |
| PRIMITIVE | Recognize oneself as separate from other | Self differentiated from object, modified and more diversified affect, internalization of the role aspects of interpersonal relationships | Multiple good and bad selves and objects, part-object relations internalized through identification Punitive superego | Splitting, denial, projection (projective identification), fantasy (schizoid withdrawal, denial through fantasy) hypochondriasis, passive-aggressive behavior, acting out | | Polymorphous perverse sexual behavior, predatory sexual behavior, intense infatuations mainly with body parts and not the whole person | The capacity for rage, jealousy and possessiveness, envy and materialism, shame and remorse, mistrustful, the ruthless exploitation of others, varying degrees of immature dependence, and the incapacity to depend on another person | Chaotic pattern of alternating and contradictory behavior | Compulsive and more extreme addictive consumer behavior, the dark side of consumer behavior | Constant struggle with self control, selective lack of impulse control, crude gratification of impulses, binging, greed, myopic consumption behavior, present orientation, hyperbolic discounting, ultimately self destructive | Compulsive Buyers are driven to spend money they do not have on things they do not need, and then hide their purchases away in the original packaging often with the price tags left on. The shopping behavior impairs family, social and professional relationships, and results in financial problems |
| PSYCHOTIC | Oneself same as other | Self undifferentiated from object, intense and overwhelming positive or negative affect | Separate all-good and all-bad objects internalized through introjection | Denial of external reality, distortion, delusional projection | | Sexual behavior unusual for the person | Absence of capacity for reality testing | Changing and capricious | Irrational consumer | Spectacular spending sprees in manic episode of bipolar disorder | Psychotic Spenders engage in spending behavior that often results in serious financial and legal problems |
